Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Standardized Awareness Practice Test

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria as biological agents?

1. Much larger than viruses

2. Single-celled organisms

3. Require a host cell to reproduce

4. Do not cause disease

The correct answer is: Single-celled organisms

Bacteria are indeed characterized as single-celled organisms, distinguishing them from other types of biological agents such as viruses, which are not classified as cells. Bacteria have a complex cell structure and can carry out all the necessary functions for life independently, which allows them to thrive in various environments. This cellular nature contributes to their ability to reproduce on their own through binary fission, without the need for a host cell, which is a fundamental characteristic that separates them from viruses. The other options are provided to clarify their inaccuracies: bacteria are generally smaller than many types of cells in larger organisms but can be much larger than viruses. They do not require a host cell for reproduction; instead, they can reproduce in various environments. Contrary to the assertion in one of the options, many bacteria are pathogenic and can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants. Thus, recognizing bacteria as single-celled organisms accurately describes their fundamental biological nature.